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Abstract Along with visual and tactile sensations, thermal sensation by temperature feeling on the skin can provide rich physical information on the environment and objects. With a simple touch of objects, relative temperature can be sensed and even objects can be differentiated with different thermal properties without any visual cue. Thus, artificially reproducing accurate/controllable thermal sensation haptic signals on human epidermis will certainly be a major research area to reconstruct a more realistic virtual reality (VR) environment. In this study, for the first time, a skin‐like, highly soft and stretchable and bi‐functional (both cold and hot sensation) thermo‐haptic device is reported for wearable VR applications with a single device structure (not separate heater and cooler). The skin‐like thermo‐haptic (STH) device can actively cool down and heat up deformable skin surfaces with instantaneous and accurate adjustment of temperature based upon a feedback control algorithm to mimic desirable thermal sensation with 230% stretchability. As a proof‐of‐concept, the STH device is integrated with a finger‐motion tracking glove to provide artificial thermal sensation information to the skin in various situations such as touching cold beer bottles and hot coffee cups in virtual space. This new type of STH device can offer potential implications for next‐generation haptic devices to provide unique thermal information for a more realistic virtual‐world field and medical thermal treatment.
Lee et al. (Sun,) studied this question.