The SDD Model: A Physical Solution to the Hubble Tension via Space Property Displacement

This document presents Version 5. 0 of the Space-Density Displacement (SDD) Model, a novel theoretical framework in cosmology that addresses the "Hubble Tension" through the physical displacement of Space Property. Key Scientific Highlights: Concept of Space Property: Space is defined as an inherent physical entity with specific properties that react to the mass-density ratio of matter, rather than a passive vacuum. The Fundamental Equation: The model is governed by the formula S = k (M/), establishing that an increase in density () triggers a corresponding displacement in the internal Space Property (S). Solving the Hubble Tension: The discrepancy in Hubble constant measurements is explained by the progressive evolution of matter from low-density hydrogen to ultra-high-density elements like osmium. The 322x Displacement Logic: Based on elemental density changes (Hydrogen vs. Osmium), the displacement capacity in the modern universe is approximately 322 times more effective than in the early universe. Gravity Redefined: Gravity is a process where matter seeks additional energy to manage or displace its internal space property, ensuring galactic and atomic stability. Eliminating Dark Energy: By providing a physical mechanism for accelerated expansion, the SDD model removes the necessity for hypothetical and invisible "Dark Energy". Black Holes as Engines: Extreme density in black holes leads to near-total internal space ejection, acting as the primary drivers of cosmic expansion in the current epoch. Author: Govinda Prasad Kandel Affiliation: Independent Researcher, Baglung, Nepal Intellectual Property: This research is the sole intellectual property of the author, protected by international copyright and archived via Zenodo.