From virtual to reality: innovative practices of digital twins in tumor therapy

Digital twin technology holds substantial promise in tumor therapy by optimizing personalized treatment plans through integrated multimodal data and dynamic modeling. However, the study is limited by factors such as language restrictions, potential selection bias, and the relatively small number of published studies in this emerging field, which may affect the comprehensiveness and generalizability of our findings. Moreover, issues related to data heterogeneity, technical integration, and data privacy and ethics continue to impede its broader clinical application. Future research should promote international collaboration, establish unified interdisciplinary standards, and strengthen ethical regulations to accelerate the clinical translation of digital twin technology in cancer treatment.