Detection Evolution with Multi-order Contextual Co-occurrence

Context has been playing an increasingly important role to improve the object detection performance. In this paper we propose an effective representation, Multi-Order Contextual co-Occurrence (MOCO), to implicitly model the high level context using solely detection responses from a baseline object detector. The so-called (1st-order) context feature is computed as a set of randomized binary comparisons on the response map of the baseline object detector. The statistics of the 1st-order binary context features are further calculated to construct a high order co-occurrence descriptor. Combining the MOCO feature with the original image feature, we can evolve the baseline object detector to a stronger context aware detector. With the updated detector, we can continue the evolution till the contextual improvements saturate. Using the successful deformable-part-model detector 13 as the baseline detector, we test the proposed MOCO evolution framework on the PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset 8 and Caltech pedestrian dataset 7: The proposed MOCO detector outperforms all known state-of-the-art approaches, contextually boosting deformable part models (ver. 5) 13 by 3.3% in mean average precision on the PASCAL 2007 dataset. For the Caltech pedestrian dataset, our method further reduces the log-average miss rate from 48% to 46% and the miss rate at 1 FPPI from 25% to 23%, compared with the best prior art 6.