What question did this study set out to answer?

To explore the relationship between hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and the incidence of glaucoma in postmenopausal women.

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April 15, 2026Open Access

Hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women ≥50 years is associated with the incidence of glaucoma: Evidence from 6576 females in Finland

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Key Points

To explore the relationship between hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and the incidence of glaucoma in postmenopausal women.
Analyzed data from 6576 postmenopausal women aged 50 years and older in Finland.
Investigated the effects of different types of HRT on glaucoma risk.
Focused on the subgroup with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
General use of HRT may increase the risk of glaucoma in postmenopausal women.
Estrogen-only therapy showed a significant risk association specifically in the POAG subgroup.

Abstract

Our data suggests that use of any postmenopausal HRT may increase the glaucoma risk, but in POAG subgroup estrogen-only therapy remained significant. Further research is needed to confirm the associations.

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Discussion

Authors

Sirpa Loukovaara

University of Helsinki

J. Haukka

University of Helsinki

Journals

Acta Ophthalmologica

Actions

Institutions

University of Helsinki

Helsinki University Hospital

References and Citations

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Discussion

Cite this study

Loukovaara et al. (Sun,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69df2b85e4eeef8a2a6b0824 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70138

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Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

Neuroinflammation in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma· 2020 · 98 citations
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The Potential Association Between Postmenopausal Hormone Use and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma· 2014 · 88 citations
Comparative insights into the role of sex hormones in glaucoma among women and men· 2025 · 16 citations

Hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women ≥50 years is associated with the incidence of glaucoma: Evidence from 6576 females in Finland

Key Points

Abstract

Citation Network

Connected Papers

Discussion

Authors

Journals

Actions

Institutions

References and Citations

Citation Network

Connected Papers

Discussion

Cite this study

Also consider

Also consider