ABSTRACTUrban Heat Islands (UHIs) represent a significant climatic modification in urban areas, where temperatures are notably higher than surrounding rural zones. This phenomenon arises from human-induced alterations of land surfaces, dense built-up environments, and anthropogenic heat emissions. In the context of rapid urbanization, especially in developing countries like India, UHIs exacerbate energy demand, health risks, and air pollution while reducing overall urban livability. This paper explores the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of UHIs, with a focus on spatial patterns, regional case studies, and mitigation strategies such as urban greening, reflective materials, and sustainable urban planning. Policy implications for urban governance and adaptation to climate change are also discussed
Anjana Srivastava (Mon,) studied this question.