This paper investigates possibilities for the diversification and decentralization of heat energy sources in the district heating system of Tuzla, with the aim of increasing energy security, reducing CO₂ emissions and improving overall system efficiency. The existing model, which relies almost exclusively on the Tuzla Thermal Power Plant (TE Tuzla), is characterized by high dependence on fossil fuels, limited operational flexibility and hydraulic challenges in peripheral parts of the network. The study analyses potentials for integrating alternative heat sources, biomass cogeneration, waste-to-energy (RDF) and solar thermal systems, and assesses the role of thermal energy storage in optimizing operation and mitigating seasonal variability. Comparative scenario analysis demonstrates feasible transition pathways towards a sustainable heating model that reduces emissions and increases local control over energy supplies while accounting for Tuzla's specific technical and institutional context.
Mešić et al. (Thu,) studied this question.