An Introduction to Quantum Computing

Quantum computing uses quantum-mechanical principles to enable new models of computation bexond the classical paradigm. This article presents an accessible introduction to the mathematical and conceptual foundations of quantum computing, covering qubits, quantum gates, multi-qubit systems, entanglement, and measurement. The gate-based computation model and quantum circuits are introduced, together with key notations such as universality and reversibility. As an illustrative example, the Deutsch-Josza algorithm is discussed to demonstrate how quantum algorithm can be constucted. The article concludes with a brief overview of the current state and challenges of quantum computing.