ABSTRACT In this study, hierarchical calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoflowers were synthesized from cuttlefish bone using a hydrothermal method. A CaP–TiO 2 (1%) nanocomposite was subsequently prepared via an in situ approach while keeping the original CaP framework. The structural, morphological, and compositional properties of CaP and CaP–TiO 2 were characterized using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) for hydrodynamic size determination (506 nm), BET surface area analysis (82.57 m 2 g − 1 ), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDX, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM). A sono‐photocatalytic process was employed for the efficient removal of environmental pollutants, namely bisphenol A (BPA) and Rose Bengal (RB) dye. The CaP–TiO 2 nanocomposite exhibited superior degradation efficiencies of 89% for BPA and 83% for RB, compared to pristine CaP, which showed 76% and 69% degradation, respectively. The synergistic effect of ultrasonic irradiation and UV light enhanced reactive radical generation, leading to improved degradation performance. The possible degradation pathways for both BPA and RB dye are also proposed.
Thakur et al. (Wed,) studied this question.