Inflammation, as a basic pathological process, is critically implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases. Picrorhizae rhizoma is a type of traditional Chinese medicine with prominent anti-inflammatory effect. And picroside II, a representative iridoid compound, is the major bioactive constituent of Picrorhizae rhizoma. Over recent decades, picroside II has garnered extensive research interest owing to its remarkable pharmacological efficacy. Accumulating evidence has validated that picroside II exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects in the prevention and treatment of various systemic diseases. This review comprehensively summarizes and updates the latest research advances of picroside II, systematically elaborating its anti-inflammatory molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetic profiles, and safety evaluation characteristics. The integrated data and analyses in this review aim to provide solid theoretical support, reliable evidence, and novel insights for the in-depth mechanism research, rational medicinal development, and future clinical translation and application of picroside II.
Ren et al. (Fri,) studied this question.