Modern Methods of Restoration of Carious Lesions of the Tooth Root

The increase in life expectancy in Russia is accompanied by a growing prevalence of root caries, particularly among elderly patients with periodontal diseases. This trend is associated with the anatomical characteristics of root tissues, which contain a lower proportion of inorganic components and are therefore more susceptible to demineralization. This determines the need for restorative techniques that ensure long-term durability and resistance to a moist oral environment. The aim of the study was to analyze the available literature regarding the application of various restorative approaches for the management of root caries lesions. Materials and methods. A review of publications from 2016 to 2026 was conducted using the PubMed, eLIBRARY, Google Scholar, and National Library of Medicine databases. The search was performed using the following keywords: root caries, restoration, adhesive system, glass ionomer cement, resin-modified and hybrid glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, hybrid glass ionomer cement. Duplicate publications were excluded. The analysis demonstrated that the selection of adhesive systems and restorative materials directly affects the clinical prognosis. Adhesives based on low-molecular-weight monomers, such as 10-MDP, show strong interaction with sclerotic dentin and maintain stability under conditions of increased moisture. Hybrid glass ionomer cements remain the most preferable option due to the combination of chemical adhesion, pronounced fluoride release, high biocompatibility, and sufficient mechanical strength, making them a reliable choice even in areas subjected to significant functional loading. Modern restorative dentistry considers two main approaches to the treatment of root caries: the use of composite materials with different adhesive protocols and the application of conventional and polymer-modified glass ionomer cements. Results. The literature analysis indicates that 8th-generation adhesive systems and contemporary composite materials provide higher bond strength and improved marginal sealing, whereas glass ionomer cements and resin-modified glass ionomers retain clinical relevance under conditions of inadequate isolation due to their chemical adhesion. Further studies are required to optimize material selection.