What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to understand how the orientation of spins affects the signal behavior in double electron–electron resonance (DEER) measurements.

April 25, 2026

Orientational Factor in Double Electron‒Electron Resonance

Key Points

This research aims to understand how the orientation of spins affects the signal behavior in double electron–electron resonance (DEER) measurements.
Conducted numerical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations to analyze spin configurations.
Assessed the signal decay rates for randomly distributed spins with tilted quantization axes.
Focused on configurations where spins are oriented at angles relevant to nitrogen-vacancy centers.
Observed a 14% decrease in signal decay rate when spins are oriented at 109.5° to each other.
Highlighted that this orientation must be considered when determining spin concentrations using DEER.

Abstract

Double electron–electron resonance is a pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance method that enables the measurement of distances between spins and the spin concentration in an ensemble. This paper investigates the signal behavior for randomly distributed spins with tilted quantization axes. Numerical calculations supported by Monte Carlo simulations show that the signal decay rate decreases by 14% when the spins are oriented at an angle of 109.5° relative to each other, as is the case for nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond. When determining concentration using DEER, this factor should be taken into account.

Orientational Factor in Double Electron‒Electron Resonance

Key Points

Abstract

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