Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has traditionally been consumed for its gastrointestinal and anti-inflammatory potentials. Emerging evidence suggests a potential role in modulating haemostasis, raising concerns for individuals on anticoagulants or at risk of bleeding or thromboembolic events. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of ginger on key haemostatic parameters in healthy volunteers, in order to inform future research and guide recommendations for at-risk populations. Methods: The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42025644443), with a comprehensive search being conducted up to August 2025. Eligible studies assessed the impact of ginger (in various forms) on activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), platelet aggregation, thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂), and clotting time in healthy adults. Results: Fourteen studies were included (6 in vivo, 8 ex. vivo). Ginger in all tested forms, significantly prolonged PT beyond the normal PT range. Ginger reduced platelet aggregation significantly with a pooled percentage change of 55.53% (95% CI 33.13; 77.94) and a mean difference with the 4g dose of 5.26, (95% CI 4.61; 5.92). TXB₂ levels were reduced by ~37%. INR demonstrated a dose-dependent increase, although the effect size was minimal. Clotting time was not significantly prolonged (7.28 ± 0.268 minutes vs 6.7 ± 0.367 minutes in control group), and aPTT findings showed inconsistent results. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution, as the certainty of evidence is considered low for most outcomes. Conclusion: While dietary ginger is likely safe in healthy individuals, caution is advised in patients with bleeding risk or on anticoagulants, particularly consuming large amounts of ginger. Standardized trials in at-risk populations are needed to guide safe use. Keywords: Aggregation; aPTT; bleeding; clotting; Ginger; haemostasis; INR; Platelet; PT; Zingiber officinale
El-Fatah et al. (Thu,) studied this question.