This research explores constitutional and legal measures that control power distribution between the federal government and regional entities to balance national unity and regional autonomy. The study examines the federal system's theoretical and historical context and assesses legal, political, and judicial safeguards to ensure equitable power distribution and prevent domination. It also highlights challenges like jurisdiction overlaps, constitutional conflicts, and economic variances across regions. Conclusions indicate that the federal system's success hinges on clear constitutional texts, strengthened constitutional judiciary, equitable resource distribution, and political mechanisms to resolve disputes before judicial escalation.The study concludes that the success of a federal system depends on clear constitutional provisions, strengthening the role of constitutional courts, ensuring fair financial resource distribution, and establishing political mechanisms for conflict resolution before escalation to the judiciary.This research aims to study the guarantees that ensure the distribution of power between the federal government and regional governments in the federal system, through analyzing the theoretical, legal, political and judicial frameworks that govern this relationship. The research includes three main sections: the first deals with the concept of the federal state and its origins, the second focuses on the legal, political and judicial guarantees that regulate the distribution of powers, while the third section discusses the challenges facing this distribution and the mechanisms to enhance its stability.
Saja Karim (Sun,) studied this question.
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