Federalism as a political philosophy and It is contemporary theories: a descriptive and analytical study in political philosophy

In this research, we tried to focus on the concepts and visions that explain the philosophy of federalism by presenting these ideas in a historical manner in order to conclude that federalism, despite its historical roots, had theological influences at the beginning, when applied models for it appeared. However, this concept has become deeper in our contemporary world due to a group of subjective and objective factors, penetrating into the social, economic and cultural motives of this phenomenon. Therefore, several theories have emerged to explain the phenomenon of federalism and answer its nature and the reasons for its success and failure. The indicators indicating federalism and commitment to the principles on which it is based are sufficient to show the extent of its success and failure, especially since it is a phased process in building the national state. Federalism is not to reject the sovereignty of different social groups, but rather it is a federal process based on recognizing the other and ensuring respect for its existence within a federal state.