International responsibility for natural disasters

This study addresses international responsibility for natural disasters as one of the prominent legal and humanitarian issues in international law, as it aims to analyze the legal and regulatory frameworks that govern the obligations of states in the face of natural disasters. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, drought, and climate change cause devastating effects on the environmental, economic, and social levels, which calls for the establishment of a solid legal framework that enhances international cooperation and ensures the provision of support to affected countries, especially developing countries, which face great difficulties in dealing with these challenges.The study focuses on Iraq as a practical case, as it suffers from the increasing effects of natural disasters, such as drought, desertification, and floods, which are caused by natural and human factors, including unfair regional water policies and climate change. The research highlights the importance of strengthening international laws, especially in the areas of prevention, preparedness, and humanitarian aid, as Iraq has opportunities to play a pivotal role in developing international law for natural disasters despite the many challenges it faces.The study aims to achieve a number of objectives, including identifying the legal foundations that regulate the responsibility of states towards natural disasters, reviewing relevant international agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Climate Agreement, and analyzing the extent to which international law responds to the needs of developing countries, while proposing innovative solutions to enhance the international legal framework.