Lignocellulosic residues derived from forest and agricultural systems represent an abundant and underutilised biomass stream with potential applications in water treatment. In this study, a comparative screening of selected lignocellulosic materials (oak sawdust, glans peduncles, barley straw, camelina straw, and flax/hemp dust) was performed for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions, with activated carbon used as a reference. All investigated materials exhibited rapid adsorption, with equilibrium uptake of 90-95% achieved within 3 min and equilibrium approached within ~ 30 min under the studied conditions. Adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.996-0.999), although this is interpreted as a descriptive fit rather than direct evidence of chemisorption. Oak sawdust and glans peduncles showed the most stable performance across the tested pH range (3-11). The study has a screening character and was conducted at elevated BPA concentrations (20-500 mg/L) to enable kinetic analysis. Therefore, the results provide a comparative and mechanistic basis for further investigation rather than direct evidence of environmental or industrial applicability. The pHpzc analysis suggests that sorption is not controlled solely by electrostatic interactions; instead, specific interactions related to lignin-rich domains-such as π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic effects-play a substantial role. The results highlight the importance of structural and chemical characteristics of woody biomass in determining functional performance under aqueous exposure and emphasise the potential of oak-derived residues as stable, sustainable materials contributing to the valorisation of forest resources.
Przybylska‐Balcerek et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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