, consists of three factors: (1) school response efficacy, (2) self-efficacy of recognizing and responding to ESM, and (3) social norms toward reporting ESM. The EMPRI can be used to understand school personnel's understanding and beliefs of where the line is drawn between inappropriate and appropriate behavior with students. By measuring what educators understand as boundary crossing behavior for sexual misconduct, schools can tailor training content and measure the impact interventions have in preventing sexual misconduct.
Carlyle et al. (Tue,) studied this question.