This paper presents a solar-powered smart irrigation system designed to automatically regulate water flow based on real-time soil moisture levels. A moisture sensor continuously monitors soil conditions and activates a DC pump whenever the moisture level drops below a threshold. The system is powered entirely by a solar panel and 12V rechargeable battery, enabling reliable operation even in remote agricultural fields without access to grid electricity. A relay module controls the pump switching, while components such as a 7805 regulator, BC547 transistor, and flyback diode ensure stable and safe operation. The system reduces water wastage by supplying water only when needed, minimizes human labor and supports sustainable farming through renewable energy utilization. Experimental results demonstrate improved water-use efficiency, consistent irrigation control, and potential long-term benefits for small and medium-scale farmers.
Mane et al. (Thu,) studied this question.