What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia stricta peels, evaluating their antioxidant properties.

May 11, 2026

Response Surface method to optimise phenolic compounds extraction from peels of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. and Opuntia stricta (Haw.) and antioxidant characterization

Key Points

This study aims to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia stricta peels, evaluating their antioxidant properties.
Utilized Box-Behnken experimental design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize extraction parameters.
Analyzed antioxidant potential using various assays including Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing power.
Conducted UV-Vis and FTIR analyses to identify bioactive compounds present in the extracts.
Optimal extraction conditions for OFI were found at 90 °C, 0.55 g/100 mL, and 14.33 min, yielding 10002.63 mg GAE/100 g DM.
For OS, optimal conditions were 64.07 °C, 0.5 g/100 mL, and 6.17 min, resulting in 621.02 mg GAE/100 g DM.
OFI exhibited higher Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (4040.69 mg TE/100 g DM) and ferric reducing power (5140.55 mg TE/100 g DM).

Abstract

This study aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from the cultivated species Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (OFI) and the wild species Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. (OS) peels aqueous extract and to evaluate their antioxidant potential. Box-Behnken experimental design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used to study the effects of extraction parameters (Temperature, sample to solvent ratio and time). The total phenolic compounds (TPC) varied between 7620.43-9973.90 mg GAE/100 g DM for OFI and 485.04-652.38 mg GAE/100 g DM for OS. The models showed high coefficients of determination (R² = 0.950 for OFI and 0.905 for OS), ensuring their adequacy. Optimal conditions were found at 90 °C, 0.55 g/100 mL, and 14.33 min for OFI and 64.07 °C, 0.5 g/100 mL, and 6.17 min for OS, leading to 10002.63 and 621.02 mg GAE/100 g DM, respectively. Antioxidant assays indicated that OFI showed higher Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (4040.69 mg TE/100 g DM) and ferric reducing power (5140.55 mg TE/100 g DM), while OS showed higher nitric oxide scavenging activity (51.93-%). UV-Vis and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of phenolics and other bioactive molecules in both extracts. Opuntia peels are underexploited sources of phenolic antioxidants, with promising opportunities for valorization in functional food and health-related applications.

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