The global rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has intensified calls for responsible antimicrobial use in livestock farming , including the Australian pork industry.While stewardship efforts largely focus on husbandry and biosecurity, the routine inclusion of antimicrobials in chilled boar semen extenders used for artificial insemination (AI) remains relatively underexamined.Despite widespread use, international studies consistently report bacteriospermia in extended semen, raising concerns regarding the efficacy of current practices and their contribution to AMR development.Australia's closed-herd system provides a unique opportunity to investigate bacterial dynamics within a contained environment, however, the seminal microbiota and associated AMR profiles remain poorly characterised.This review synthesises evidence from peerreviewed literature, industry reports, and international guidelines to critically examine the
Bampton et al. (Thu,) studied this question.