Chemistry and Biological Properties of Qunoxiline Synthesis Design and Derivatives: Updated a Review

Quinoxaline derivatives have garnered significant attention due to their wide-ranging therapeutic applications. Research from 2020 to 2024 has demonstrated their potent bioactivity across various domains, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Structural modifications guided by structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies have enabled the development of targeted quinoxaline-based compounds with enhanced efficacy. These derivatives interact with critical biological targets such as enzymes, receptors, and signaling pathways, offering promising avenues for treating complex diseases like cancer and infectious diseases. Advanced studies, including molecular docking and ADMET analyses, have further clarified their pharmacological profiles, optimizing their drug-like properties and bioavailability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in quinoxaline-based therapies, underscoring their potential impact on modern drug discovery and therapeutic applications.