Assessment of differences in urinary heavy metal concentrations and environmental factors between children with autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical controls

Key Points

• This research aims to compare urinary heavy metal concentrations and environmental factors between children with autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical controls.
• Participants included children with autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical controls.
• Urinary heavy metal concentrations were measured and compared between groups.
• Environmental risk factors were assessed to evaluate their potential contributions.
• Higher urinary concentrations of arsenic and mercury were found in children with autism spectrum disorder.
• Environmental risk factors correlated with increased heavy metal levels in the ASD group.