This work presents the design and validation of a low-cost electronic architecture for nuclear pulse conditioning and radiation exposure measurement using a Geiger–Müller tube. The main contribution is a structured three-stage conditioning system capable of transforming high-voltage analog nuclear pulses into standardized TTL-compatible digital signals for real-time acquisition and pulse counting. The proposed architecture integrates a regulated 500 V high-voltage supply, voltage coupling and limitation, CMOS-based inversion, and monostable pulse shaping using a 555 timer to generate stable 5 V output pulses with approximately 1600 μs duration. Experimental evaluation included oscilloscope-based pulse characterization, plateau-region verification, and calibration tests performed with a certified gamma radiation source under controlled laboratory conditions. The measured exposure response followed the expected inverse-distance radiation behavior, with relative deviations within ±13% compared with certified reference values. The results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing reliable radiation instrumentation using commercially available electronic components, providing an accessible solution for environmental, laboratory, and educational monitoring applications.
Pavón et al. (Thu,) studied this question.