Validation of a VR-Based office configuration system and exploration of user preferences: a two-phase within-subject study

Introduction The presentation format of design alternatives may influence user preferences and decision-making processes in interior design contexts. Methods A two-phase within-subject pilot study was conducted with 50 participants to evaluate a VR-based office configuration system and examine the effect of presentation format on aesthetic preferences. In Phase 1, office floor-furniture material combinations were presented via 2D renders, and preferences were recorded. One month later, in Phase 2, the same combinations were presented through an interactive configuration system in a VR environment. Post-experience preferences, system usability (SUS), and emotional states (PANAS) were assessed. Results Inter-phase comparisons revealed that positive aesthetic preferences remained consistent across presentation formats, while negative evaluations were sensitive to the presentation format. This asymmetric pattern indicated that immersive presentation particularly affected rejection criteria rather than acceptance criteria. Discussion The findings suggest that VR technology can serve as an effective tool in interior design applications. The study established a reliable multi-dimensional assessment protocol (SUS, PQ, PANAS) that provides a foundation for systematic experimental research on format effects in design decision-making processes.