Highest vs lowest quintile of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability was associated with higher rates of death (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.11-1.34) and hemorrhagic stroke (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.36-2.68).
Cohort (n=114,900)
Does higher visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure increase the risk of death, end-stage renal disease, and cardiovascular events in adults with CKD stages 3-4?
Higher visit-to-visit variability of systolic blood pressure is an independent risk factor for death and hemorrhagic stroke in patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease.
Effect estimate: HR 1.22 (95% CI 1.11-1.34)
OBJECTIVES: Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure (VVV of BP) is an important independent risk factor for premature death and cardiovascular events, but relatively little is known about this phenomenon in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not yet on dialysis. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in a community-based cohort of 114 900 adults with CKD stages 3-4 (estimated glomerular filtration rate 15-59 ml/min per 1.73 m). We hypothesized that VVV of BP would be independently associated with higher risks of death, incident treated end-stage renal disease, and cardiovascular events. We defined systolic VVV of BP using three metrics: coefficient of variation, standard deviation of the mean SBP, and average real variability. RESULTS: The highest versus the lowest quintile of the coefficient of variation was associated with higher adjusted rates of death (hazard ratio 1.22; 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.34) and hemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio 1.91; confidence interval 1.36-2.68). VVV of BP was inconsistently associated with heart failure, and was not significantly associated with acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Results were similar when using the other two metrics of VVV of BP. VVV of BP had inconsistent associations with end-stage renal disease, perhaps because of the relatively low incidences of this outcome. CONCLUSION: Higher VVV of BP is independently associated with higher rates of death and hemorrhagic stroke in patients with moderate to advanced CKD not yet on dialysis.
Chang et al. (Sat,) conducted a cohort in Chronic kidney disease (n=114,900). Highest quintile of visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure vs. Lowest quintile of visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure was evaluated on Death (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11-1.34). Highest vs lowest quintile of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability was associated with higher rates of death (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.11-1.34) and hemorrhagic stroke (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.36-2.68).