Digital interventions targeting lifestyle factors significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by a mean difference of 2.91 mmHg compared to controls in patients with hypertension.
Meta-Analysis (n=3,040)
Do digital interventions targeting lifestyle factors reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension?
Digital interventions targeting lifestyle factors significantly reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension, though results are limited by study heterogeneity.
Effect estimate: MD -2.91 mmHg (95% CI -4.11, -1.71)
Absolute Event Rate: -6.4% vs -4.6%
p-value: p=<0.0001
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, for which the management involves both lifestyle modification (diet, exercise etc) and medication. Digital interventions (mobile applications, websites, and SMS messages) are being developed to facilitate lifestyle change, but their effectiveness remains uncertain. This review aimed to establish whether digital interventions targeting lifestyle factors are effective in reducing blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. A systematic search was run through MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. 5302 records were screened for eligibility and data on the primary outcome (systolic blood pressure (SBP)) and secondary outcomes (diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and change in lifestyle factors) were extracted from eligible papers. Where sufficient data were available, meta-analysis was undertaken using a random effects model. 17 randomised controlled trials were eligible for inclusion (3040 patients). 12 studies were suitable for meta-analysis. Lifestyle change mediated by digital interventions were associated with a larger SBP reduction than controls (mean difference (MD) -2.91 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.11, -1.71; p value (p) <0.0001). A significant difference was also seen in DBP reduction between groups (MD -1.13 mmHg; CI -1.91, -0.35; p = 0.005). Reporting of other secondary outcomes relating to lifestyle change was too heterogenous for meta-analysis. Digital interventions targeting lifestyle factors were associated with an improvement in blood pressure in patients with hypertension, but interpretation of the results is limited by significant heterogeneity between studies. Further research is required to understand which lifestyle factors, when targeted with digital interventions, result in maximal blood pressure reduction.
Lindsay-Perez et al. (Tue,) conducted a meta-analysis in Hypertension (n=3,040). Digital interventions targeting lifestyle factors vs. Usual care, placebo, or alternative non-digital intervention was evaluated on Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD -2.91 mmHg, 95% CI -4.11, -1.71, p=<0.0001). Digital interventions targeting lifestyle factors significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by a mean difference of 2.91 mmHg compared to controls in patients with hypertension.
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