Assessment of radon radiation index hazards in soil samples from Al-Tuwaitha and surrounding areas using alpha guard detector and nanotechnology-based approaches

Alpha GUARD 2000 PRQ radon analyzer is used to measure the Soil's radon concentration (222Rn) at 45 locations at the Tuwaitha nuclear and surrounding areas. The results obtained from the survey that the highest radon concentration is 21011 ± 3408 Bq/m³ at a depth of 55 cm in front of the medical building (sample S20). The temperature mean is 27.2°C, the pressure mean is 1011 mbar, and the relative humidity is 28.7%. The lowest concentration is 56 ± 33 Bq/m³ at a depth of 55 cm (sample S11) at the site opposite the Policy Department. The temperature mean is 29°C, the pressure mean is 1008.7 mbar, and the relative humidity is 27.7%. Based on the research results, can conclude that all radon concentrations in this study are within the permissible limits of 0.4 to 40 kBq/m³ . Due to its gaseous state, radon can easily leak into homes and accumulate. Exposure to radon causes a health concern for humans and animals because radon is closely linked with lung cancer. Therefore, careful monitoring of radon levels is crucial. In addition, recent advances in nanotechnology offer promising improvements in radon detection. Nanomaterial-based sensors such as graphene and metal oxide nanoparticles provide higher sensitivity, faster response, and real-time monitoring capabilities. Integrating nanosensors with conventional devices can enhance measurement accuracy and support more effective environmental radiation assessment.