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The Interactional Instinct: The Evolution and Acquisition of Language by Namhee Lee, Lisa Mikesell, Anna Dina L. Joaquin, Andrea Mates, chapter 2 lists evidence for language emergence, describing the creation of pidgins and creoles; chapter 3 anticipates the implications of interaction and the use of language in real life settings, as op- posed to what traditional linguists have done so far in terms of describing language through prefabricated structures; chapter 4 describes interactional readiness in infant-caregiver interactions, associating apparently innate behavior in neonates and chemical rewards in a neurobiological level; chapter 5 reinforces the interactional instinct concept showing how the need for affiliation coincides with the ability to affiliate; and finally, chapters 6 and 7 describe the role of affect in first language acquisition and in cognition, respectively. The first chapter, “Grammar as a Complex Adaptive System”, begins by showing how Innatism can no longer be sustained by current findings in neuro- science, genetics and linguistics. The authors explain how nonlinear Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) emerge from pattern formations out of chaos, analogi- cally describing what happens with an emerging language. In order to show how languages can be seen as CAS’s, the authors apply all the principles of CAS, i.e., aggregation, multi-strata of building blocks, local and random interactions, tagging, Issues in Applied Linguistics © 2009 Bahiyyih L. Hardacre ISSN 1050-4273 Vol. 17 No. 2, 163-165
Bahiyyih Hardacre (Wed,) studied this question.