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Previous work has used the primordial abundance of ^4He to infer limits on the number of neutrinos with full-strength neutral-current weak interactions. By accounting for the quark-gluon constituents of hadrons, we extend the analysis to earlier times and higher temperatures and densities and, therefore, to considerably weaker interactions. The maximum number of new, superweakly interacting, light (MeV) particles is between 1 and 20.
Steigman et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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