Adopting knowledge-sharing-driven blockchain technology in healthcare: a developing country’s perspective

Purpose This study aims to investigate the key factors that influence the behavioural intention of doctors to adopt the knowledge sharing driven blockchain technology in government hospitals. The study is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2, with the addition of trust as an independent variable and knowledge sharing as a mediating variable between trust and behavioural intention. Design/methodology/approach The data for the study was collected through a correlation and cross-sectional study using a survey, with a sample of 322 responses being used for the final analysis. The initial analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS v.26, followed by a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis using SmartPLS v.3.9 to test the validity and reliability of the measures and to examine the hypothesized relationships. Findings The results supported the proposed framework. The results of PLS-SEM indicate that all proposed pathways support the model. In particular, the results of the study reveal that performance expectation, effort expectation, social influence, facilitation conditions and trust are drivers of blockchain adoption and have a significant impact on the behavioural intention of clinicians in hospitals. Furthermore, the study found that knowledge sharing mediated the relationship between trust and behavioural intention. Practical implications The present study sheds light on the challenges facing blockchain technology, such as privacy and trust concerns and proposes a more sustainable approach based on knowledge management to enhance the effectiveness of blockchain technology and overcome these challenges. Originality/value The significance of this paper lies in the limited literature examining the relationships between blockchain technology and knowledge management processes. Furthermore, a hypothetical framework that includes the knowledge sharing process as a mediating variable between trust and behavioural intention to adopt blockchain technology has not been presented or developed in any previous studies, particularly in the context of Iraq. Thus, this work is novel and unique in its approach.