Increasing coronary artery calcium scores predicted cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive adults (CAC ≥400 HR 3.51; 95% CI 2.40-5.13), with a score of 220 matching SPRINT-level mortality risk.
Cohort (n=16,167)
Does coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring stratify cardiovascular and coronary heart disease mortality risk in adults with hypertension?
CAC scoring effectively stratifies cardiovascular mortality risk in hypertensive adults, with a score of 220 identifying patients at high enough risk to potentially benefit from intensive blood pressure lowering.
Effect estimate: HR 3.51 (95% CI 2.40-5.13)
We examined the utility of coronary artery calcium (CAC) for cardiovascular risk stratification among hypertensive adults, including those fitting eligibility for SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial). Additionally, we used CAC to identify hypertensive adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates equivalent to those observed in SPRINT who may, therefore, benefit from the most intensive blood pressure therapy. Our study population included 16 167 hypertensive patients from the CAC Consortium, among whom 6375 constituted a "SPRINT-like" population. We compared multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of coronary heart disease and CVD deaths by CAC category (0, 1-99, 100-399, ≥400). Additionally, we generated a CAC-CVD mortality curve for patients aged >50 years to determine what CAC scores were associated with CVD death rates observed in SPRINT. Mean age was 58.1±10.6 years. During a mean follow-up of 11.6±3.6 years, there were 409 CVD deaths and 207 coronary heart disease deaths. Increasing CAC scores were associated with increased coronary heart disease and CVD mortality (coronary heart disease-CAC 100-399: hazard ratio 95% CI 1.88 1.04-3.40, CAC ≥400: 4.16 2.34-7.39; CVD-CAC 100-399: 1.93 1.31-2.83, CAC ≥400: 3.51 2.40-5.13). A similar increased risk was observed across 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk categories and in the SPRINT-like population. A CAC score of 220 (confidence range, 165-270) was associated with the CVD mortality rate observed in SPRINT. CAC risk stratifies adults with hypertension, including those who are SPRINT eligible. A CAC score of 220 can identify hypertensive adults with SPRINT-level CVD mortality risk and, therefore, may be reasonable for identifying candidates for aggressive blood pressure therapy.
Uddin et al. (Mon,) conducted a cohort in Hypertension (n=16,167). Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring vs. Lower CAC scores (e.g., CAC 0) was evaluated on Cardiovascular disease mortality (CAC ≥400 vs reference) (HR 3.51, 95% CI 2.40-5.13). Increasing coronary artery calcium scores predicted cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive adults (CAC ≥400 HR 3.51; 95% CI 2.40-5.13), with a score of 220 matching SPRINT-level mortality risk.