Experiences of grandfathers as primary caregivers raising grandchildren: An integrative literature review

When the welfare of a child requires placement away from parents, a grandparent is often the preferred choice for relocation. Placement is predominantly with grandmothers, and the experiences of grandmothers in a parenting role have been well reported. The experiences of grandfathers who parent grandchildren, however, are less understood, despite grandfathers often being present. This integrative review aims to identify and integrate current literature on the experiences of grandfathers in a parenting role. The search strategy involved four electronic databases: CINAHL Complete, Scopus, PubMed and PsycInfo, plus Google Scholar and hand searching using keywords based on five key concepts encompassing the population group (custodial, grandfather), phenomenon (role), and outcome (perceive, experience). Thirteen articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria for review. Two themes were identified using thematic analysis: 'Change and loss in transitioning to the primary caregiver role' and 'Everyday life as grandparent primary caregivers.' This review found grandfathers who parent grandchildren faced unique challenges. Social role identity was tested by loss of agency over lifestyle choices and deficits in parenting knowledge and skillset. Furthermore, the health and wellbeing of grandfathers were impacted by factors unique to them. Further research to inform tailored support specific to the needs of grandfathers is required.