The Expansion of the Chinese Urban System, 1953–1990

The number of Chinese cities (based on the current official definition) increased by 326 between 1953 and 1990, although the growth trend fluctuated over time. The number, size, distribution, and functions of the new cities as well as the pace and rationale of city establishment are studied, and the ever-changing Chinese definitions of the city and urban population are clarified. Urban growth, which has been affected by changing policies, politics, and recent economic reforms, is analyzed in four periods. New cities are either small or medium in size. The annual averages of new city establishment varied from one to four between 1953 and 1977 to more than 20 after 1978. Cities established before 1978 mostly are centers of industry, trade, and transportation, and those established after 1978 are mostly administrative centers. Lastly, the process of Chinese urbanization is analyzed.