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Abstract The process of energy efficiency improvement in any cellular network will require that the network design is densified to enhance higher spatial reuse while preserving the quality-of-service at the user. This study will analyze the combination of two densification techniques namely the small cell access point and the massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) base. The former is operator-deployed in the spatial soft-cell approach which is implemented after multiple transmitters which are in a system where noncoherent multi-flow beam forming is serving the users. In the study, the total power consumptions will be minimized to satisfy the QoS constraints. The technique has hidden convexity that will increase efficiency in the solution algorithms. This solution will promote exclusive assignments of users to the respective transmitters. The simulations in this research have promising results illustrating that the cumulative power usage can be significantly enhanced via the combination of the massive MIMO and small cell approaches. The results are viable for the optimal and low-complexity beam forming
Ahmed et al. (Sun,) studied this question.