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ABSTRACT Aim This study investigated whether family composition and other household factors are associated with adherence to vitamin D supplementation during infancy. Methods A cross‐sectional survey was conducted between March 21 and April 30, 2023, among caregivers of infants aged 4 weeks to 12 months at the Ca′ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy. The survey investigated demographic data, health status, daily vitamin D 3 administration frequency, and family characteristics. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with poor adherence. Results A total of 241 caregivers completed the survey. Overall, 85% of infants received vitamin D supplements at least four times per week. Good adherence was more frequent in families with one child (91%) compared with those with two or more children (78%). In multivariable analysis, the presence of siblings was the only factor significantly associated with poor adherence (odds ratio 2.72, 95% confidence interval 1.25–5.92). No associations were found with caregiver education, infant age, chronic disease, intercurrent illness, or time spent outdoors. Conclusion In this cohort, adherence to vitamin D prophylaxis was significantly lower in families with more than one child. Awareness of this association could inform counselling strategies and the design of interventions to sustain adherence.
Panicola et al. (Wed,) studied this question.