Enhanced effects of variation of the fundamental constants in laser interferometers and application to dark-matter detection

We outline laser interferometer measurements to search for variation of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant and particle masses (including a nonzero photon mass). We propose a strontium optical lattice clock---silicon single-crystal cavity interferometer as a small-scale platform for these measurements. Our proposed laser interferometer measurements, which may also be performed with large-scale gravitational-wave detectors, such as LIGO, Virgo, GEO600, or TAMA300, may be implemented as an extremely precise tool in the direct detection of scalar dark matter that forms an oscillating classical field or topological defects.