Oilseed tree peony is a high-value woody oil crop with significant economic and nutritional value, playing a crucial role in addressing global demand for healthy edible oils, yet its genetic improvement for oil-related traits is hindered by the lack of efficient molecular markers. In this study, 141 tree peony germplasms were analyzed for oil content (OC) and fatty acid (FA) composition, revealing significant variations in total fatty acids (TFAs, 186.74-301.82 mg/g), unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs, 181.27-293.47 mg/g), and dominant α-linolenic acid (ALA, 41.77–64.73%). Correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that ‘Sai Huang Hou’ was an excellent germplasm with superior oil traits. Genome-wide identification uncovered 18 triglyceride biosynthesis genes, including 3 PoGPATs, 5 PoLPATs, 10 PoDGATs, with conserved domains and stage-specific expression patterns during seed development. Among these, PoGPAT9 and PoLPAT2 exhibited dynamic expression, while PoDGAT2 reached its peak during late maturation. Association analysis identified a total of 16 significant association combinations involving 6 phenotypic traits and 9 SNP loci, explaining 2.52–8.22% of phenotypic variation. Multiple comparisons of genotypic effects at significantly associated loci on oil-related traits showed that the 485 bp mutation in PoLPAT2 increased oil content by 1.40%. For PoDGAT2, the 759 locus mutation elevated linoleic acid content by 3.81 mg/g and reduced α-linolenic acid content by 10.30 mg/g relative to the wild genotype. This study provides new insights into the genetic regulation of lipid metabolism in tree peony seeds and offers molecular markers for breeding high-quality oilseed varieties.
Zhang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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