Auto Clean - A Low-Cost Autonomous Gas Monitoring and Hygiene Maintenance System for Public and Mobile Toilets

Sanitation challenges frequently arise during mass public gatherings, such as religious festivals.To that end, the most important reason is the toilets that are heavily used, poorly kept, and takelong to be cleaned. Mobile toilets frequently face similar conditions, but besides being a healthhazard mainly because of the release of poisonous gases like ammonia and methane, which areinhaled, they also pose a fire risk. Introducing AutoClean, an automatic, low-cost toiletsanitation monitoring and disinfection system that combines the MQ-135 and MQ-4 gas sensorsto detect odor and methane, an ultrasonic sensor to count toilet users, and a servo-controlleddisinfectant pump, along with visual and/or auditory signals from LEDs and a buzzer. Thethreshold-condition algorithm is applied to facilitate immediate automated disinfection, andhazardous-gas alerts are triggered anytime the concentration levels surpass the threshold limit.It operates on battery power and is optimized for Ujjain Mahakumbh, where sanitationmonitoring is crucial. According to the experiment results, the gas levels detection wasaccurate, and the cleaning automation was effectively performed. AutoClean being amultipurpose solution is not only cost-effective but has the potential to bring about changes inthe public sanitation sector as it will decrease the need for manual labor and will make sanitationinfrastructure safer.