Effects of Mindfulness-based Interventions on Pain Sensitization in Individuals with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

• There is low‑quality evidence showing that MBIs may improve the PPT at local sites in individuals with CMP, providing a hypothesis‑generating basis for future studies on their potential role in modulating pain sensitization. • Mindfulness-based interventions showed no clear effect on other static quantitative sensory testing outcomes (e.g., sensation threshold, pain detection threshold, pain tolerance threshold, pain intensity, and unpleasantness), which may be attributed to the limited number of available studies. • The overall certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate, suggesting a cautious interpretation of the findings and highlighting the need for further high-quality research.