The Rasarnava is a foundational 18-chapter (Patala) Sanskrit treatise structured as a sacred dialogue between Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. Stemming from the Shiva Sampradaya, its historical timeline remains debated between the 4th and 12th centuries, with notable modern commentaries enhancing its contemporary accessibility. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the text’s dual focus on spiritual liberation (Moksha) and advanced alchemical operations (Rasa Vidya). The early chapters establish the philosophical foundations of Jivanmukti, emphasizing that spiritual liberation requires optimal physical health achieved through mercurial preparations (Parada). Concurrently, the text mandates strict protocols for workshop architecture (Rasa Mandapa), ritualistic chanting (Mantra japa), and the ethical traits of the instructor and disciple. Crucially, the technical chapters catalog specialized processing hardware, defining the operational structures of various apparatuses (Yantras), crucibles (Mushas), and furnaces (Koshta). The treatise systematically classifies mineral groups—including primary minerals (Maharasas), secondary minerals (Uparasas), and metals (Dhatus)—detailing their diagnostic traits, purification methods (Shodhana), and essence extractions (Satwapatana). Ultimately, this review highlights the Rasarnava as an invaluable historical repository of ancient Indian iatrochemistry, merging esoteric spiritual philosophies with highly sophisticated metallurgical and pharmaceutical technologies.
Dr. Parmod*1, Dr. Pooja2, Prof. (Dr.) Ravi Raj3 (Mon,) studied this question.