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The authors discuss design considerations and control issues of a fine-motion device which provides very high performance, precision, and speed (12-g acceleration, 0.2 mu m resolution). Coupled with a standard industrial robot and external sensing, improvements in precision up to two orders of magnitude can be achieved. Software enables it to be operated from a serial port of an IBM PC or PS/2. The moving element of the positioning head can be commanded to move over a +or-1 mm range in x and y, and rotated up to +or-1.75 degrees in theta about the z axis. The device provides variable compliance with compliance set by loop gain in a digital controller. It incorporates a novel three-degree-of-freedom motor, a pair of internal position sensors to enable controlled motion in the plane, and an air bearing to support the moving elements.>
Hammer et al. (Thu,) studied this question.