Russia invades Ukraine again: how can the health community respond?

On the morning of 24 February 2022, Russian forces invaded Ukraine.As politicians across the world debate political, economic, and potentially military responses, the health consequences to consider are numerous and severe.Most evident are the casualties from the conflict.These will grow as fighting continues, but on 1 March the United Nations human rights office confirmed 136 civilian deaths, including 13 children, and 400 civilian injuries, including 26 children. 1 The true number is probably much higher. 1Russian military deaths are thought to number several thousand.It could get a lot worse.In the face of continued armed resistance from Ukrainians and fuel, weapon, and logistics shortages, fears are growing that President Putin could reduce Ukrainian cities to rubble.Those who view this as inconceivable should remember the devastation and bloodshed brought by Putin's forces in 2000 in Grozny, the capital of Chechnya.