Bismuthene, a two-dimensional elemental material with high theoretical capacity and favorable electronic properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for sustainable energy storage systems. This review summarizes recent advances in bismuthene-based materials for lithium-, sodium-, and potassium-ion batteries, aqueous rechargeable batteries, and supercapacitors, with a focus on their structure–property relationships, including ion diffusion, alloying behavior, and cycling stability. Strategies such as defect engineering, heterostructure design, and three-dimensional architectures are highlighted for enhancing electrochemical performance. Beyond technical performance, we discuss the economic potential of bismuthene through levelized cost analysis, as well as its sustainability implications in terms of energy efficiency, environmental impact, materials sustainability and lifecycle stability. This review highlights the integration of advanced energy materials into sustainability assessment frameworks, bridging laboratory-scale innovation with practical and environmentally responsible energy storage applications.
Yang et al. (Sat,) studied this question.