What question did this study set out to answer?

This work aims to investigate how MyD88 influences ILC2s in driving allergic airway disease and the associated molecular mechanisms.

June 3, 2026Respiratory Research0 citationsOpen Access

MyD88 mediates allergic airway inflammation by regulating ILC2s function through inducing the formation of P38/GATA3 complex

HZHaitao ZhangWannan Medical College WDW DaiWenzhou Medical University XCXuanyu ChenWenzhou Medical University

Key Points

This work aims to investigate how MyD88 influences ILC2s in driving allergic airway disease and the associated molecular mechanisms.
Evaluated MyD88 effects in airway hyperreactivity using in vivo and in vitro models.
Conducted transcriptome sequencing and flow cytometry analysis on clinical samples and ILC2-specific MyD88 knockout mice.
Utilized MyD88 inhibitor LM8 to assess its impact on allergen-induced airway inflammation.
MyD88 expression is increased in ILC2s from allergic asthmatic patients and mice.
MyD88 knockout in ILC2s significantly reduces IL-33-induced airway inflammation.
MyD88 inhibitor LM8 effectively lessens allergen-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity.

Abstract

Allergic asthma stands as the predominant asthma phenotype propelled by aberrant type 2 immune response. Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are significant for generating IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines, highlighting their vital role in triggering and escalating the progression of asthma. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) controls innate and adaptive immune responses by orchestrating inflammatory signals. This work focused on investigating the influence of MyD88 in governing ILC2s-driven allergic airway disease alongside its underlying molecular mechanisms. We evaluated the effects of MyD88 in IL-33-induced or allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and airway inflammation. The role and mechanism of MyD88 in regulating ILC2s function were examined in vivo and in vitro by using transcriptome sequencing analysis, flow cytometry, clinical samples, ILC2-specific MyD88 knockout mice, and anti-Thy1.2 antibody against ILC2s in mice. The results showed heightened MyD88 expression in ILC2s sourced from allergic asthmatic patients and asthmatic mice. MyD88 knockout in ILC2s was able to mitigate IL-33-induced airway inflammation, while the MyD88 inhibitor LM8 proves efficacious in attenuating allergen-induced airway inflammation and AHR. After elimination of ILC2s via anti-Thy1.2 antibody, the pharmacological activity of LM8 diminished. Mechanistic studies revealed that MyD88 mediates the activation and proliferation of ILC2s through facilitation of P38-GATA3 complex formation. The research highlights MyD88 as a critical regulator of ILC2s activation, suggesting its potential utility as a therapeutic target for interventions in allergic asthma. The function of MyD88 in ILC2s promoting allergic airway inflammation and AHR through inducing ILC2s activation. MyD88 regulates ILC2s function through modulating the formation of the P38/GATA3 complex. Administration of MyD88 inhibitor LM8 effectively attenuates human ILC2s activation as well as IL-33 or Alt-induced airway inflammation.

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