What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (n=164). Intervention: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia vs. Control infants. Primary outcome: Grade 2 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

June 3, 2026

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Infants with moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia have significantly higher rates of pulmonary hypertension and grade 2 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction compared to control infants. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Key Result

Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia had higher rates of Grade 2 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (5% vs 1.4%) and pulmonary hypertension (15% vs 7%) compared to control infants.

Key Points

This research aims to evaluate the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Echocardiographic assessment using a defined algorithm to screen infants at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.
Evaluation of conventional Doppler and myocardial deformation parameters.
Analysis included 93 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 71 control infants.
15% of infants with BPD had pulmonary hypertension compared to 7% in control infants.
Grade 2 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was observed in 5% of infants with BPD versus 1.4% in controls.
Higher rates of pulmonary hypertension and Grade 2 LVDD were significantly associated with moderate to severe BPD.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=164)

Structured PICO

Does bronchopulmonary dysplasia increase the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants at 36 weeks postmenstrual age?

Population

164 preterm infants, including 93 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 71 controls, screened at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.

Exposure

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (exposure group)

Comparator

Control infants (n=71)

Outcome

Presence and grade of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) assessed via echocardiographic algorithmsurrogate

Preterm infants with moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a significantly higher rate of pulmonary hypertension and grade 2 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 5% vs 1.4%

Abstract

Echocardiographic algorithm based assessment of diastolic function during neonatal period could help in early identification of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). To screen infants with BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age for LVDD. We used conventional Doppler and myocardial deformation parameters suggested in the latest American Society of Echocardiography algorithm to evaluate LV function. Tricuspid-regurgitation velocity, LV shape, LV eccentricity and pulmonary ejection pattern were used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension (PH). The algorithm was then followed using age appropriate cut-off values to identify and grade LVDD. Scans of 71 control infants and 93 infants with BPD were analysed. We noted PH in 15% infants with BPD and 7% control infants. Grade 2 LVDD was seen in 5% infants with BPD compared to 1.4% control infants. Rate of PH and grade 2 LVDD was significantly higher in infants with moderate to severe BPD.

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