What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors (n=602). Intervention: High hs-CRP and triglyceride levels vs. Normal hs-CRP and triglyceride levels. Primary outcome: Presence of microalbuminuria in men (AOR 9.434, 95% CI 1.753-50.778, p=0.01).

November 2, 2022Open Access

Association of microalbuminuria with serum lipids and inflammatory markers in an adult population in the Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System site, South Africa

Key Result

High high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and triglyceride levels were significantly associated with the presence of microalbuminuria among men (adjusted OR 9.434, 95% CI 1.753-50.778, p=0.01).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=602)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Population

602 presumably healthy adults aged 18 years and older from a rural South African community, free of diabetes and renal disease, assessed for microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors.

Outcome

Magnitude of microalbuminuria and its association with serum lipids and inflammatory markerssurrogate

In a rural South African population, microalbuminuria is highly prevalent and associated with elevated hs-CRP and triglycerides in men, highlighting early vascular risk.

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 9.434 (95% CI 1.753–50.778)

p-value: p=0.01

Limitations

Cross-sectional study design cannot establish causality or temporality of events.
Diagnosis of microalbuminuria was based on a single spot urine sample rather than three samples over a three-month period.
Results from this specific rural site cannot be generalized to urban areas or different racial populations in South Africa.
Reliability and validity measures for anthropometric measurements were not calculated.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion) is an early sign of vascular damage and an established risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the magnitude of microalbuminuria and its association with serum lipids and inflammatory markers among a rural black population residing in the Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System site, South Africa. METHODS: Data were collected from 602 presumably healthy participants (225 men and 377 women) aged ≥ 18 years. Biochemical data collection included serum lipids, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), urine albumin and creatinine. Anthropometry and blood pressure were also measured. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed with an albumin-creatinine ratio of ≥ 2.5 mg/mmol in men and ≥ 3.5 mg/mmol in women. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of microalbuminuria, hypertension, insulin resistance, overweight and obesity, as well as abnormal levels of serum lipids and inflammatory markers were observed in the population. Microalbuminuria was associated with high hs-CRP and TG levels among men.

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