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This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the limitations and the key dynamics of closed-loop active power control systems for voltage-source converter (VSC) HVDC, regarding stability, performance, and robustness. Detailed dynamic models are derived and the controllability and robustness issues for VSC active power control are identified. Limitations imposed by ac system strength, converter operating point, and current control design on the stability and performance of the two leading active power control principles are addressed, using frequency-response analysis and time-domain simulations. The dynamic interactions between the active power control design and the dc voltage droop control are examined. The simulations are performed using average-value VSC models and a high-fidelity modular multilevel converter model. Impacts of the active power control design on dynamic behaviors of multiterminal dc (MTDC) systems are investigated using a four-terminal model. This paper provides a systematic study on the key stability and performance issues associated with the active power control. Furthermore, the methodology offers a framework for the analysis of more complex active power and dc voltage droop controllers for future MTDC systems.
Wang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.