Biases in Research on Reproduction and Women's Work

Joffe M (Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The London Hospital Medical College, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK). Biases in research on reproduction and women's work. International Journal of Epidemiology 1985, 14:118–123. In the investigation of the possible reproductive effects of women's work, it is necessary to take into account the various biases which may occur as a result of the complex interaction between a woman's child-care responsibilities, work status, income and other aspects of her life. This paper distinguishes four effects and suggests methods of avoiding the resulting biases. Research in this area requires special care in design and analysis.