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A semi-empirical mathematical model of a rolling-lobe air spring is proposed. It consists of an adiabatic gas volume, accounting for compression of air within the spring, a friction element accounting for friction between the rubber and the piston, and a velocity-dependent damping term. Tests were conducted on three different air springs in order to find parameters to characterise the model. The model provided accurate results for low and medium frequency testing. Above 30 Hz, discrepancies between the measured and modelled data were observed. These were due to excitation of resonances of the pressurised air spring's rubber membrane.
Fox et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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